At the completion of this activity, the participant will be able to:

• Recognise characteristics of drugs that make them good candidates for TDM
• Describe appropriate indications for TDM
• Understand the factors that may affect measured concentrations
• List and discuss the importance of information needed when requesting drug concentration
• Interpret measured drug concentrations
• Adjust dose based on TDM
• Apply basic concept of clinical pharmacokinetics to TDM
• Understand indications for TDM
• Understand the importance of time sampling
• Understand factors that might affect drug concentrations
• Describe analytical needs for therapeutic drug monitoring
• Understand the importance of pharmacogenomics biomarkers
• Understand the importance of genetic factors in the response to drugs
• Describe a pharmacokinetic model for a drug using terms of Volume of distribution, elimination rate constant, renal clearance
• Explain the error and residual error in the used population model
• Describe the pharmaconynamic properties of beta lactam antibiotics
• Describe the pharmacodynamic properties of aminoglycoside antibiotics
• Describe the pharmacodynamic properties of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics
• Explain why and how TDM should be used in psychiatry and neurology
• Differentiate between therapeutic and dose related reference ranges
• Explain how genotyping may be combined with TDM
• Use TDM for identification of pharmacokinetic abnormalities
• Understand basic clinical pharmacokinetics of oncolytics and immunosuppressants
• Comprehend the rationale for TDM of oncolytics and immunosuppressants
• Understand that TDM software tools affect efficiency not effectiveness
• Understand the interaction between TDM processes, people and tools
• Gain insight in how software tools support the TDM process cycle
• Understand the key components of TDM software tools
• Evaluate TDM software tools current available on the market (long/short list)
• Assess the need for dose adjustment
• Adjust the dose of drugs based on the results of TDM
• Interpret measured drug concentration
• Develop a Plan for therapeutic drug monitoring
• Provide TDM service
• Know how population pharmacokinetic models are developed
• Know how population pharmacinetic values are calculated into individual values
• Interprete drug concentrations in blood and give recommendations for clinical decision making
• Give recommendations in case of adverse drug reactions
• Find out if low drug concentrations are due to poor adherence or due to rapid clearance
• Decide if the dose should be maintained in spite of high drug concentrations
• Understand current TDM concepts of oncolytic and immunosuppressive agents
• Implement TDM of oncolytics and immunosuppressants
• Interpret measured drug concentrations based on patient's characteristics
• Understand the need for dose adjustment
• Describe the difficulties and solutions for the implementation of a TDM program in an environment of scarce resources
• Describe, present and discuss a business plan to implement such a program in their own hospital setting.